In photography, toning is a photographic process carried out on silver-based (black-and-white) photographic prints to change their colour. Some toning processes can improve the chemical stability of the print and allow it to last longer. Other toning processes can make the print less stable.
Many early prints that exist today were toned with sepia toner.
Most toners work by replacing the metallic silver in the emulsion with a silver compound, such as silver sulfide (Ag2S) in the case of sepia toning. The compound may be more stable than metallic silver and may also have a different colour or tone. Different toning processes give different colours to the final print. In some cases, the printer may choose to tone some parts of a print more than others.
Toner also can increase the tonality of a print. This increases the range of visible shades without reducing contrast. Selenium toning is especially strong in this regard.
Many toners are highly toxic. It is extremely important that the chemicals are used in a well ventilated area. Rubber gloves and face protection should be worn when handling them. Some toners are carcinogens.
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